What is the best translation of “Journey to the West”? This question has been debated by scholars, readers, and translators for decades. “Journey to the West,” also known as “Xiyouji” in Chinese, is a classic novel written by Wu Cheng’en during the Ming Dynasty. It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature and has been translated into numerous languages, each with its unique style and approach. In this article, we will explore some of the most acclaimed translations and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
The first English translation of “Journey to the West” was completed by James Legge in 1884. Legge’s translation, titled “The Monkey and the Monk,” is known for its scholarly accuracy and adherence to the original text. However, it is also criticized for its archaic language and lack of readability. Over the years, several other translators have attempted to make the novel more accessible to modern readers while preserving its literary value.
One of the most notable translations is Arthur Waley’s “Monkeys! Monkeys!” published in 1942. Waley, a British sinologist, was known for his fluid and poetic translations. His rendition of “Journey to the West” is widely praised for its lyrical beauty and its ability to capture the essence of the story. However, some critics argue that Waley’s translation is too free from the original text, resulting in a loss of certain cultural nuances.
Another significant translation is that of Jonathan D. Clements, who published his version in 2012. Clements’ translation, titled “Journey to the West: A Novel,” is a more contemporary and accessible version of the classic tale. He employs a straightforward and engaging style that makes the story easier to follow for modern readers. Clements’ translation also includes footnotes and appendices that provide valuable context and background information. While this translation is well-received by many, some purists argue that it lacks the scholarly depth of earlier translations.
Another popular translation is by David Hawkes, who published his version in 1974. Hawkes’ translation, titled “Journey to the West,” is known for its scholarly approach and detailed footnotes. He aims to bridge the gap between the original text and the modern reader by using a mix of poetic and contemporary language. Hawkes’ translation is considered one of the most authoritative and comprehensive renditions of the novel, but it can be somewhat dense and challenging for readers not familiar with the source material.
In conclusion, determining the best translation of “Journey to the West” is a subjective matter that depends on the reader’s preferences and the criteria they use to evaluate a translation. Each of the aforementioned translations has its own strengths and weaknesses, and readers may find that one translation resonates more with them than the others. Ultimately, the best translation is the one that allows readers to appreciate the beauty, humor, and wisdom of the original work while enjoying a compelling and accessible narrative.
